LITERATI SPEAK
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Literati, scholars in China whose poetry, calligraphy, and paintings were supposed primarily to reveal their cultivation and express their personal feelings rather than demonstrate professional skill. The concept of literati painters was first formulated in Northern Song period (960–1127)—at which time it was called shidafuhua (士大夫畫, scholar-official painting)—by the poet-calligrapher Su Shi (蘇軾 1037-1101), the ideal of the literati painting was finally and enduringly codified by the great Ming dynasty critic and painter Dong Qichang (董其昌 1555—1636).